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THE THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES OF RELIGION
From the
Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church: "The
Thirty-Nine Articles are not a statement of Christian doctrine in the form of a
creed, nor the exposition of a creed already accepted. They are, rather, short
summaries of dogmatic tenets, each article dealing with some point raised in
current controversies and laying down in general terms the Anglican view"
(p. 1368).
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Of Faith in the Holy
Trinity.
There is but one living and true God, everlasting, without body, parts or
passions; of infinite power, wisdom, and goodness; the Maker, and Preserver of
all things both visible and invisible. And in unity of this Godhead there are
three persons, of one substance, power and eternity; the Father, the Son and
the Holy Ghost.
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Of the Word or Son of
God, which was made very Man.
The Son. which is the Word of the Father, begotten from everlasting of the
Father, the very and eternal God, and of one substance with the Father, took
Man's nature in the womb of the blessed Virgin, of her substance: so that two
whole and perfect Natures, that is to say, the Godhead and Manhood, were
joined together in one Person, never to be divided, whereof is one Christ,
very God and very Man; who truly suffered, was crucified, dead and buried, to
reconcile his Father to us, and to be a sacrifice, not only for original
guilt, but also for all the actual sins of men.
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Of the going down of
Christ into Hell.
As Christ died for us, and was buried, so also it is to be believed, that he
went down into Hell.
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Of the Resurrection of
Christ.
Christ did truly rise again from death, and took again his body, with flesh,
bones and all things appertaining to the perfection of Man's nature; wherewith
he ascended into Heaven, and there sitteth, until he return to judge all Men
at the last day.
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Of the Holy Ghost.
The Holy Ghost, proceeding from the Father and the Son, is of one substance,
majesty, and glory, with the Father and the Son, very and eternal God.
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Of the Sufficiency of
the Holy Scriptures for salvation.
Holy Scripture containeth all things necessary to salvation: so that
whatsoever is not read therein, nor may be proved thereby, is not to be
required of any man, that it should be believed as an article of Faith, or be
thought requisite or necessary to salvation. In the name of the holy Scripture
we do understand those Canonical Books of the Old and New Testament of whose
authority was never any doubt in the Church. Of the Names and Number of the
Canonical Books
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Genesis |
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Exodus |
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Leviticus |
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Numbers |
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Deuteronomy
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Joshua |
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Judges |
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Ruth |
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The First Book of
Samuel |
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The Second Book of
Samuel |
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The First Book of
Kings |
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The Second Book of
Kings |
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The First Book of
Chronicles |
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The Second Book of
Chronicles |
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The First Book of
Esdras [Ezra] |
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The Second Book of
Esdras [Nehemiah] |
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The Book of Esther
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The Book of Job
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The Psalms
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The Proverbs
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Ecclesiastes or
Preacher |
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Cantica or Songs of
Solomon |
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Four Prophets the
greater |
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Twelve Prophets the
less |
And the
other Books (as Hierome saith) the Church doth read for example of life and
instruction of manners; but yet doth not apply them to establish any doctrine;
such are these following:
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The Third Book of
Esdras [I Esdras] |
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The Fourth Book of
Esdras [II Esdras] |
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The Book of Tobias
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The Book of Judith
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The rest of the Book
of Esther |
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The Book of Wisdom
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Jesus the Son of
Sirach [or Ecclesiasticus] |
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Baruch the Prophet
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The Song of the Three
Children |
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The Story of Susanna
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Of Bel and the Dragon
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The Prayer of Manasses
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The First Book of
Maccabees |
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The Second Book of
Maccabees |
All of the
Books of the New Testament, as they are commonly received, we do receive, and
accont them Canonical.
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Of the Old Testament.
The Old Testament is not contrary to the New: for in both the Old and New
Testament everlasting life is offered to Mankind by Christ, who is the only
Mediator between God and Man, being both God and Man. Wherefore ther are not to
be heard, which feign that the old Fathers did look only for transitory
promises. Although the Law goven from God by Moses, as touching Ceremonies and
Rites, do not bind Christian men, nor the Civil precepts thereof ought of
necessity to be received in any commonwealth; yet notwithstanding, no
christian man whatsoever is free from the obedience of the Commandments which
are called Moral.
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Of the Three Creeds.
The Three Creeds, the Nicene Creed, Athanasius's Creed, and that which is
commonly called the Apostles' Creed, ought thoroughly to be received and
believed: for they may be proved by most certain warrents of holy Scripture.
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Of Original or
Birth-sin.
Original Sin standeth not in the following of Adam, (as the Pelagians do
vainly talk;) but it is the fault and corruption of the Nature of every man,
that naturally is engendered of the offspring of Adam; whereby man is very far
gone from original righteousness, and is of his own nature inclined to evil,
so that the flesh lusteth always contrary to the spirit; and therefore in
every person born in this world, it deserveth God's wrath and damnation. And
this infection of nature doth remain, yea in them that are regenerated;
whereby the lust of the flesh, called in the Greek, sarx which some do
expound the wisdom, some sensuality, some the affection, some the desire, of
the flesh, is not subject to the Law of God. And although there is no
condemnation for them that believe, yet the Apostle doth confess, that
concupiscence and lust hath of itself the nature of sin.
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Of Free-Will.
The Condition of Man after the fall of Adam is such, that he cannot turn and
prepare himself, by his own natural strength and good works, to faith, and
calling upon God: Wherefore we have no power to do good works pleasant and
acceptable to God, without the grace of God by Christ preventing us, that we
may have a good will, and working with us, when we have that good will.
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Of the Justification of
Man. We are
accounted righteous before God, only for the merit of our Lord and Saviour
Jesus Christ by Faith, and not for our own works or deservings: Wherefore,
that we are justified by Faith only is a most wholesome Doctrine, and very
full for comfort, as more largely is expressed in the Homily of Justification.
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Of Good Works.
Albeit that Good Works, which are the fruits of Faith, and follow after
Justification, cannot put away our sins, and endure the severity of God's
Judgment; yet are they pleasing and acceptable to God in Christ, and do
spring out necessarily of a true and lively Faith; insomuch that by them a
lively Faith may be as evidently known as a tree discerned by the fruit.
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Of Works before
Justification.
Works done before the grace of Christ, and the Inspiration of his Spirit, are
not pleasant to God, forasmuch as they spring not of faith in Jesus Christ,
neither do they make men meet to receive grace, or (as the School-authors say)
deserve grace of congruity: yea rather, for that they are not done as God hath
willed and commanded them to be done, we doubt not but they have the nature of
sin.
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Of Works of
Supererogation.
Voluntary Works besides, over and above, God's Commandments, which the call
Works of Supererogation, cannot be taught without arrogancy and impiety: for
by them men do declare, that they do not only render unto God as much as they
are bound to do, but that they do more for his sake, than of bounden duty is
required: whereas Christ saith plainly, When ye have done all that are
commanded to you, say, We are unprophitable servants.
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Of Christ alone without
sin. Christ
in the truth of our nature was made like unto us in all things, sin only
except, form which he was clearly void, both in his flesh, and in his spirit.
He came to be the Lamb without spot, who, by sacrifice of himself once made,
should take away the sins of the world, and sin, as Saint John saith, was not
in him. But all we the rest, although baptized, and born again in Christ, yet
offend in many things; and if we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and
the truth is not in us.
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Of Sin after Baptism.
Not every deadly sin willingly committed after Baptism is sin against the Holy
Ghost, and unpardonable. Wherefore the grant of repentance is not to be denied
to such as fall into sin after Baptism. After we have received the Holy Ghost,
we may depart from grace given, and fall into sin, and by the grace of God we
may arise again and amend our lives. And therefore they are to be condemned,
which say, they can no more sin as long as they live here, or deny the place
of forgiveness to such as truly repent.
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Of Predestination and
Election.
Predestination to Life is the everlasting purpose of God, whereby (before
foundations of the world were laid) he hath constantly decreed by his counsel
secret to us, to deliver from curse and damnation those whom he hath chosen in
Christ out of mankind, and to bring them by Christ to everlasting salvation,
as vessels made to honour. Wherefore, they which be endued with so excellent a
benefit of God be called according to God's purpose by his Spirit working in
due season: they through Grace obey the calling: they be justified freely:
they be made sons of God by adoption: they be made like the image of his
only-begotten Son Jesus Christ: they walk religiously in good works, and at
length, by God's mercy, they attain to everlasting felicity.
As the godly consideration of Predestination, and our Election in Christ, is
full of sweet, pleasant, and unspeakable comfort to godly persons, and such as
feel in themselves the working of the Spirit of Christ, mortifying the works
of the flesh, and their earthly members, and drawing up their mind to high and
heavenly things, as well because it doth greatly establish and confirm their
faith of eternal Salvation to be enjoyed through Christ, as because it doth
fervently kindle their love towards God: So, for curious and carnal persons,
lacking the Spirit of Christ, to have continually before their eyes the
sentence of God's Predestination, is a most dangerous downfall, whereby the
Devil doth thrust them either into desperation, or into wretchlessness of most
unclean living, no less perilous than desperation.
Furthermore, we must receive God's promises in such wise, as they be generally
set forth to us in holy Scripture: and in our doings, that Will of God is to
be followed, which we have expressly declared unto us in the Word of God
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Of obtaining eternal
Salvation only by the Name of Christ.
They also are to be had accursed that presume to say, That every man shall be
saved by the Law or Sect which he professeth, so that he be diligent to frame
his life according to that Law, and the light of Nature. For holy Scripture
doth set out unto us only the Name of Jesus Christ, whereby men must be saved.
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Of the Church.
The visible Church of Christ is a congregation of faithful men, in the which
the pure Word of God is preached, and the Sacraments be duly ministered
according to Christ's ordinance in all those things that of necessity are
requisite to the same. As the Church of Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Antioch,
have erred; so also the Church of Rome hath erred, not only in their living
and manner of Ceremonies, but also in matters of Faith.
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Of the Authority of the
Church. The
Church hath power to decree Rites or Ceremonies, and authority in
Controversies of Faith: And yet it is not lawful for the Church to ordain any
thing that is contrary to God's Word written, neither may it so expound one
place of Scripture, that it be repugnant to another. Wherefore, although the
Church be a witness and keeper of holy Writ, yet, as it ought not to decree
any thing against the same, so besides the same ought it not to enforce any
thing to be believed for the necessity of Salvation.
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Of the Authority of
General Councils.
General Councils may not be gathered together without the commandment and will
of Princes. And when they be gathered together, (forasmuch as they be an
assembly of men, whereof all be not governed with the Spirit and Word of God,)
they may err, and sometimes have erred, even in things pertaining unto God.
Wherefore things ordained by them as necessary to salvation have neither
strength nor authority, unless it may be declared that they be taken out of
holy Scripture.
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Of Purgatory.
The Romish Doctrine concerning Purgatory, Pardons, Worshipping and Adoration,
as well of Images as of Reliques, and also invocation of Saints, is a fond
thing vainly invented, and grounded upon no warrenty of Scripture, but rather
repugnant to the Word of God.
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Of Ministering in the
Congregation.
It is not lawful for any man to take upon him the office of public preaching,
or ministering the Sacraments in the Congregation, before he be lawfully
called, and sent to execute the same. And those we ought to judge lawfully
called and sent, which be chosen and called to this work by men who have
public authority given unto them in the Congregation, to call and send
Ministers into the Lord's Vineyard.
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Of speaking in the
Congregation in such a tongue as the people understandeth.
It is a thing plainly repugnant to the Word of God, and the custom of the
Primitive Church, to have public Prayer in the Church, or to minister the
Sacraments in a tongue not understanded by the people.
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Of the Sacraments.
Sacraments ordained by Christ be not only badges or tokens of Christian men's
profession, but rather they be certain sure witnesses, and effectual signs of
grace, and God's good will towards us, by the which he doth work invisibly in
us, and doth not only quicken, but also strengthen and confirm our Faith in
him. There are two Sacraments ordained of Christ our Lord in the Gospel, that
is to say, Baptism, and the Supper of the Lord. Those five commonly called
Sacraments, that is to say, Confirmation, Penance, Orders, Matrimony, and
extreme Unction, are not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel, being
such as have grown partly of the corrupt following of the Apostles, partly are
states of life allowed in the Scriptures; but yet have not like nature of
Sacraments with Baptism, and the Lord's Supper, for that they have not any
visible sign or ceremony ordained of God. The Sacraments were not ordained of
Christ to be gazed upon, or to be carried about, but that we should duly use
them. And in such only as worthily receive the same they have a wholesome
effect or operation: but they that receive them unworthily purchase to
themselves damnation, as Saint Paul saith.
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Of the Unworthiness of
the Ministers, which hinders not the effect of the Sacrament.
Although in the visible Church the evil be ever mingled with the good, and
sometimes the evil have chief authority in the Ministration of the Word and
Sacraments, yet forasmuch as they do not the same in their own name, but in
Christ's, and do minister by his commission and authority, we may use their
Ministry, both in hearing the Word of God, and in receiving of the Sacraments.
Neither is the effect of Christ's ordinance taken away by their wickedness,
nor the grace of God's gifts diminished from such as by faith and rightly do
receive the Sacraments ministered unto them; which be effectual, because of
Christ's institution and promise, although they be ministered by evil men.
Nevertheless, it appertaineth to the discipline of the Church, that inquiry be
made of evil Ministers, and that they be accused by those that have knowledge
of their offences; and finally being found guilty, by just judgement be
deposed.
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Of Baptism.
Baptism is not only a sign of profession, and mark of difference, whereby
Christian men are discerned from others that be not christened, but it is also
a sign of Regeneration or new Birth, whereby, as by an instrument, they that
receive Baptism rightly are grafted into the Church: the promises of
forgiveness of sin, and of our adoption to be the sons of God by the Holy
Ghost, are visibly signed and sealed; Faith is confirmed, and Grace increased
by virtue of prayer unto God. The Baptism of young Children is in any wise to
be retained in the Church, as most agreeable with the institution of Christ.
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Of the Lord's Supper.
The Supper of the Lord is not only a sign of the love that Christians ought to
have among themselves one to another; but rather is a Sacrament of our
Redemption by Christ's death: insomuch that to such as rightly, worthily, and
with faith receive the same, the Bread which we break is a partaking of the
Body of Chrsit; and likewise the Cup of Blessing is a partaking of the Blood
of Christ. Transubstantiation (or the change of the substance of Bread and
Wine) in the Supper of the Lord, cannot be proved by holy Writ; but is
repugnant to the plain words of Scripture, and hath given occasion to many
superstitions. The Body of Christ is given, taken, and eaten, in the Supper
only after an heavenly and spiritual manner. And the mean whereby the Body of
Christ is received and eaten in the Supper of the Lord is Faith. The Sacrament
of the Lord's Supper was not by Christ's ordinance reserved, carried about,
lifted up, or worshipped.
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Of the Wicked which eat
not the Body of Christ in the use of the Lord's Supper.
The Wicked, and such as be void of a lively faith, although they do carnally
and visibly press with their teeth (as Saint Augustine saith) the Sacrament of
the Body and Blood of Christ, yet in no wise are they partakers of Christ: but
rather to their condemnation, do eat and drink the sign or Sacrament of so
great a thing.
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Of both kinds.
The Cup of the Lord is not to be denied to the Lay-people: for both the parts
of the Lord's Sacrament, by Christ's ordinance and commandment, ought to be
ministered to all Christian men alike.
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Of the one Oblation of
Christ finished upon the Cross.
The Offering of Christ once made is that perfect redemption, propitiation and
satisfaction, for the sins of the whole world, both original and actual; and
there is none other satisfaction for sin, but that alone. Wherefore the
sacrifices of Masses, in the which is commonly said, that the Priest did offer
Christ for the quick and the dead, to have remission of pain or guilt, were
blasphemous fables, and dangerous deceits.
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Of the Marriage of
Priests.
Bishops, Priests, and Deacons, are not commanded by God's Law, either to vow
the estate of single life, or to abstain from marriage: therefore it is lawful
for them, as for all other Christian men, to marry at their own discretion, as
they shall judge the same to serve better to godliness.
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Of excommunicate
Persons, how they are to be avoided.
That person which by open denunciation of the Church is rightly cut off from
the unity of the Church, and excommunicated, ought to be taken of the whole
multitude of the faithful, as an Heathen and Publican, until he be openly
reconciled by penance, and received into the Church by a Judge that hath
authority thereunto.
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Of the traditions of the
Church. It is
not necessary that Traditions and Ceremonies be in all places one and utterly
alike; for at all times they have been divers, and may be changed according to
the diversities of countries, times, and men's manners, so that nothing be
ordained against God's Word. Whosoever through his private judgemend,
willingly and purposely, doth openly break the traditions and ceremonies of
the Church, which be not repugnant to the Word of God, and be ordained and
approved by common authority, ought to be rebuked openly, (that others may
fear to do the like,) as he that offendeth against the common order of the
Church, and hurteth the authority of the Magistrate, and woundeth the
consciences of the weak brethren. Every particular or national Church hath
authority to ordain, change, and abolish, ceremonies or rites of the Church
ordained only by man's authority, so that all things be done to edifying.
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Of the Homilies.
The second Book of Homilies, the several titles whereof we have enjoined under
this Article, doth contain a godly and wholesome Doctrine, and necessary for
these times, as doth the former Book of Homilies, which were set forth in the
time of Edward the Sixth; and therefore we judge them to be read in Churches
by the Ministers, diligently and distinctly, that they may be understanded by
the people. Of the Names of the Homilies
i.
Of the right
Use of the Church.
ii.
Against
peril of Idolatry
iii.
Of repairing
and keeping clean of Churches
iv.
Of good
Works; first of Fasting
v.
Against
Gluttony and Drunkenness
vi.
Against
Excess of Apparel
vii.
Of Prayer
viii.
Of the Place
and Time of Prayer
ix.
That Common
Prayers and Sacraments ought to be ministered in a known tongue
x.
Of the
reverend estimation of God's Word
xi.
Of
Alms-doing
xii.
Of the
Nativity of Christ
xiii.
Of the
Passion of Christ
xiv.
Of the
Resurrection of Christ
xv.
Of the
worthy receiving of the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ
xvi.
Of the Gifts
of the Holy Spirit
xvii.
For the
Rogation-days
xviii.
Of the State
of Matrimony
xix.
Of
Repentance
xx.
Against
Idleness
xxi.
Against
Rebellion
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Of Consecration of
Bishops and Ministers.
The Book of Consecration of Archbishops and Bishops, and Ordering of Priests
and Deacons, lately set forth in the time of Edward the Sixth, and confirmed
at the same time by the authority of Parliament, doth contain all things
necessary to such Consecration and Ordering: neither hath it any thing, that
of itself is superstitious and ungodly. And therefore whosoever are
consecrated or ordered according to the Rites of that Book, since the second
year of the forenamed King Edward unto this time, or hereafter shall be
consecrated or ordered according to the same Rites; we decree all to be
rightly, orderly, and lawfully consecrated and ordered.
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Of the Civil
Magistrates.
The King's Majesty hath the chief power in this Realm of England, and his
other Dominions, unto whom the chief Government of all Estates of the Realm,
whether they be Ecclesiastical or Civil, in all causes doth appertain, and is
not, nor ought to be, subject to any foriegn Jursdiction. Where we attribute
to the King's Majesty the chief government, by which Titles we understand the
minds of some slanderous folks to be offended; we give not to our Princes the
ministering either of God's Word, or of the Sacraments, the which thing the
Injunctions also lately set forth by Elizabeth our Queen do most plainly
testify; but that only perogative, which we see to have been given always to
godly Princes in holy Scriptures by God himself; that is, that they should rule
all estates and degrees committed to their charge by God, whether they be
Ecclesiastical or Temporal, and restrain with the civil sword the stubborn and
evil doers. The Bishop of Rome hath no jurisdiction in this Realm of England.
The Laws of the Realm may punish Christian men with death, for heinous and
grievous offences. It is lawful for Christian men, at the commandment of the
Magistrate, to wear weapons, and serve in the wars.
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Of the Christian men's
Goods, which are not common.
The Riches and Goods of Christians are not common, as touching the right,
title, and posession of the same, as certain Anabaptists do falsely boast.
Notwithstanding, every man ought, of such things as he possesseth, liberally
to give alms to the poor, according to his ability.
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Of a Christian man's
Oath. As we
confess that vain and rash Swearing is forbidden Christian men by our Lord
Jesus Christ, and James his Apostle, so we judge, that Christian Religion doth
not prohibit, but that a man may swear when the Magistrate requireth, in a
caus of faith and charity, so it be done according to the Prophet's teaching,
in justice, judgment and truth.
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